Fig. 1.1
Like many things of this world, Glinks is, simultaneously, something very simple and something utterly complex. I will explain the simple side, first, and slowly explain and expand upon what makes Glinks complex and interesting.
Here are the rules for the simplest variant:
1. Glinks is played on a piece of graph paper.
2. Players agree upon a shape that can be formed by filling in a certain number of contiguous blocks on the graph paper. This shape is called the Glink.
3. Each player chooses their own, easily distinguishable color.
4. The players take turns filling in a square on the graph paper, trying to create the Glink, while simultaneously trying to block the other players from doing so.
5. Squares can only be filled in that are adjancent— horizontally, vertically or diagonally— to a pre-existent square. That is, no new square can be an island.
6. The first player to draw the shape, wins.
As an example, the game in Figure 1.1 is a two person game— one on blue, another on red— both trying to create the 6-cell crucifix, that you see in the upper left corner. After a quick inspection of the game, you'll see that red won in the lower left hand corner, on the 69th turn.
So one way that I'm interested in this game and its variants is as a fun, colorfilled game-theoretical model, a phenomenon that is its own representation. Each completed game becomes a sense-laden document of the play— as well as game itself, to find the Glink in the mosaic. So I picture Glinks as an elementary model of the compromise of forces, and therefore, a perfect starting point for more complicated things to come.
In Figure 1.3 we have a game between three players. However, instead of all trying to create the same Glink, each player has chosen their own: the three shapes floating to the left of the mosaic. We see a blue staircase, a pink rectangle, and a purple 6-cell line.
After playing a bit, certain Glinks begin to seem harder to achieve than others, which leads us to ask: which are actually and mathematically harder, and which may be only perceptually easier to spot and block? And the strategy, too, with multiple players changes drastically, even with information-swapping between all of them, because in addition to completing their Glink, we become reliant on others to block certain formations. In Figure 1.3, purple has won with a strategic fork in the upper lefthand corner, despite being perceived as a more difficult Glink.
So variants will come through a slow change in the parameters: the number of players, the number of colors (or states more generally), the shapes (or more generally the Glink-objective), the kind of field (Brendan Kellogg recommended using triangular and polar coordinate fields)
, and numerous as-yet uninvented parameters. The ultimate trick is to bend these parameters to represent other phenomenon.
If the games are too short, another variant allows for continuous play on the same piece of paper, either by starting a new "island," or by just counting the Glink as one point and continuing play.
In Figure 1.4 , we see the first game continued, with five Glinks for red and two for blue, not to mention a fairly pleasing composition in the end, with its own hidden order. This hidden order would probably be far less hidden if everyone was playing perfect games, and so we could get certain patterns from strategies in equilibrium, or Nash equilibria. We would expect humans and computers to create very different mosaics.